Ethereum安装及使用¶
本文中，将选择ubuntu16.04(AMD64)操作系统作为例，进行Hive的安装。
一步一步构建Ethereum¶
下载软件包¶
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ethereum/ethereum
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ethereum
使用GETH创建私有链¶
在一个服务器上测试：
mkdir enode1
mkdir enode2
分别创建两个文件夹，作为两个私有链节点的datadir,两个节点要能链接，必须是由同一个创始文件创建的链。
geth --datadir "enode1" init genesis.json
vi genesis.json
{
"config": {
"chainId": 1,
"homesteadBlock": 0,
"eip150Block": 0,
"eip150Hash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"eip155Block": 0,
"eip158Block": 0,
"byzantiumBlock": 0,
"constantinopleBlock": 0,
"petersburgBlock": 0,
"istanbulBlock": 0,
"ethash": {}
},
"nonce": "0x0",
"timestamp": "0x00",
"extraData": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"gasLimit": "0x47b760",
"difficulty": "0x00002",
"mixHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000044",
"alloc": { },
"number": "0x0",
"gasUsed": "0x0",
"parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
}
enode1是上文创建的文件之一， genesis.json是创世的配置文件
创建完成之后使用命令,
geth --identity "OneAndOnly" --rpc --rpccorsdomain "*" --datadir "enode1" --port 30303 --rpcapi "personal,db,net,eth,web3" --networkid 4554 --rpcport 8080 --allow-insecure-unlock console
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain# geth --identity "OneAndOnly" --rpc --rpccorsdomain "*" --datadir "enode1" --port 30303 --rpcapi "personal,db,net,eth,web3" --networkid 4554 --rpcport 8080 console
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.272] Maximum peer count ETH=50 LES=0 total=50
WARN [01-05|10:31:47.272] The flag --rpc is deprecated and will be removed in the future, please use --http
WARN [01-05|10:31:47.272] The flag --rpcport is deprecated and will be removed in the future, please use --http.port
WARN [01-05|10:31:47.272] The flag --rpccorsdomain is deprecated and will be removed in the future, please use --http.corsdomain
WARN [01-05|10:31:47.272] The flag --rpcapi is deprecated and will be removed in the future, please use --http.api
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.272] Smartcard socket not found, disabling err="stat /run/pcscd/pcscd.comm: no such file or directory"
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.273] Set global gas cap cap=25000000
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.274] Allocated trie memory caches clean=256.00MiB dirty=256.00MiB
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.274] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/cecgw/blankchain/enode1/geth/chaindata cache=512.00MiB handles=65536
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.287] Opened ancient database database=/home/cecgw/blankchain/enode1/geth/chaindata/ancient
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.287] Writing default main-net genesis block
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.890] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=12356 size=1.78MiB time=223.004917ms gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.891] Initialised chain configuration config="{ChainID: 1 Homestead: 1150000 DAO: 1920000 DAOSupport: true EIP150: 2463000 EIP155: 2675000 EIP158: 2675000 Byzantium: 4370000 Constantinople: 7280000 Petersburg: 7280000 Istanbul: 9069000, Muir Glacier: 9200000, YOLO v2: <nil>, Engine: ethash}"
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.891] Disk storage enabled for ethash caches dir=/home/cecgw/blankchain/enode1/geth/ethash count=3
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.891] Disk storage enabled for ethash DAGs dir=/root/.ethash count=2
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.891] Initialising Ethereum protocol versions="[65 64 63]" network=4554 dbversion=<nil>
WARN [01-05|10:31:47.891] Upgrade blockchain database version from=<nil> to=8
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.892] Loaded most recent local header number=0 hash="d4e567…cb8fa3" td=17179869184 age=51y9mo2d
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.892] Loaded most recent local full block number=0 hash="d4e567…cb8fa3" td=17179869184 age=51y9mo2d
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.892] Loaded most recent local fast block number=0 hash="d4e567…cb8fa3" td=17179869184 age=51y9mo2d
INFO [01-05|10:31:47.892] Regenerated local transaction journal transactions=0 accounts=0
INFO [01-05|10:31:48.044] Allocated fast sync bloom size=512.00MiB
INFO [01-05|10:31:48.059] Starting peer-to-peer node instance=Geth/OneAndOnly/v1.9.25-stable-e7872729/linux-amd64/go1.15.6
INFO [01-05|10:31:48.092] New local node record seq=1 id=b389801f67374884 ip=127.0.0.1 udp=30303 tcp=30303
INFO [01-05|10:31:48.098] Started P2P networking self=enode://28be3c2a77162883d224d5c4c142fd750115dd56338c87a6146fafc733e1aa81f002406eb323809768db063010a05d0c49d96a2e921b7e12f26698f8233b48b0@127.0.0.1:30303
INFO [01-05|10:31:48.108] IPC endpoint opened url=/home/cecgw/blankchain/enode1/geth.ipc
ERROR[01-05|10:31:48.109] Unavailable modules in HTTP API list unavailable=[db] available="[admin debug web3 eth txpool personal ethash miner net]"
INFO [01-05|10:31:48.109] HTTP server started endpoint=127.0.0.1:8080 cors=* vhosts=localhost
WARN [01-05|10:31:48.237] Served eth_coinbase reqid=3 t="47.123µs" err="etherbase must be explicitly specified"
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!
instance: Geth/OneAndOnly/v1.9.25-stable-e7872729/linux-amd64/go1.15.6
at block: 0 (Thu Jan 01 1970 08:00:00 GMT+0800 (HKT))
datadir: /home/cecgw/blankchain/enode1
modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 ethash:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0
To exit, press ctrl-d
启动另外一个节点¶
geth --datadir "enode2" init genesis.json
geth --identity "OneAndOnly" --rpc --rpccorsdomain "*" --datadir "enode2" --port 30304 --rpcapi "personal,db,net,eth,web3" --networkid 4554 --rpcport 8081 --allow-insecure-unlock console
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain# geth --identity "OneAndOnly" --rpc --rpccorsdomain "*" --datadir "enode2" --port 30304 --rpcapi "personal,db,net,eth,web3" --networkid 4554 --rpcport 8081 console
INFO [01-05|10:37:20.812] Maximum peer count ETH=50 LES=0 total=50
WARN [01-05|10:37:20.812] The flag --rpc is deprecated and will be removed in the future, please use --http
WARN [01-05|10:37:20.812] The flag --rpcport is deprecated and will be removed in the future, please use --http.port
WARN [01-05|10:37:20.812] The flag --rpccorsdomain is deprecated and will be removed in the future, please use --http.corsdomain
WARN [01-05|10:37:20.812] The flag --rpcapi is deprecated and will be removed in the future, please use --http.api
INFO [01-05|10:37:20.812] Smartcard socket not found, disabling err="stat /run/pcscd/pcscd.comm: no such file or directory"
INFO [01-05|10:37:20.816] Set global gas cap cap=25000000
INFO [01-05|10:37:20.816] Allocated trie memory caches clean=256.00MiB dirty=256.00MiB
INFO [01-05|10:37:20.816] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/cecgw/blankchain/enode2/geth/chaindata cache=512.00MiB handles=65536
INFO [01-05|10:37:20.922] Opened ancient database database=/home/cecgw/blankchain/enode2/geth/chaindata/ancient
INFO [01-05|10:37:20.922] Writing default main-net genesis block
INFO [01-05|10:37:22.497] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=12356 size=1.78MiB time=297.192037ms gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B
INFO [01-05|10:37:22.497] Initialised chain configuration config="{ChainID: 1 Homestead: 1150000 DAO: 1920000 DAOSupport: true EIP150: 2463000 EIP155: 2675000 EIP158: 2675000 Byzantium: 4370000 Constantinople: 7280000 Petersburg: 7280000 Istanbul: 9069000, Muir Glacier: 9200000, YOLO v2: <nil>, Engine: ethash}"
INFO [01-05|10:37:22.497] Disk storage enabled for ethash caches dir=/home/cecgw/blankchain/enode2/geth/ethash count=3
INFO [01-05|10:37:22.497] Disk storage enabled for ethash DAGs dir=/root/.ethash count=2
INFO [01-05|10:37:22.497] Initialising Ethereum protocol versions="[65 64 63]" network=4554 dbversion=<nil>
WARN [01-05|10:37:22.497] Upgrade blockchain database version from=<nil> to=8
INFO [01-05|10:37:22.500] Loaded most recent local header number=0 hash="d4e567…cb8fa3" td=17179869184 age=51y9mo2d
INFO [01-05|10:37:22.500] Loaded most recent local full block number=0 hash="d4e567…cb8fa3" td=17179869184 age=51y9mo2d
INFO [01-05|10:37:22.500] Loaded most recent local fast block number=0 hash="d4e567…cb8fa3" td=17179869184 age=51y9mo2d
INFO [01-05|10:37:22.501] Regenerated local transaction journal transactions=0 accounts=0
INFO [01-05|10:37:22.800] Allocated fast sync bloom size=512.00MiB
INFO [01-05|10:37:22.813] Starting peer-to-peer node instance=Geth/OneAndOnly/v1.9.25-stable-e7872729/linux-amd64/go1.15.6
INFO [01-05|10:37:22.838] New local node record seq=1 id=272a5bf7f985be3f ip=127.0.0.1 udp=30304 tcp=30304
INFO [01-05|10:37:22.842] Started P2P networking self=enode://2223b2fa6fe6c2b89fefe1ae4603e60c57ad8abe51832ca7eb3f0d8c0a00e926d78f88cbfc779e7ad915f7a47692d0c125dae96086c55a1c6b72ae238261b5ff@127.0.0.1:30304
INFO [01-05|10:37:22.874] IPC endpoint opened url=/home/cecgw/blankchain/enode2/geth.ipc
ERROR[01-05|10:37:22.874] Unavailable modules in HTTP API list unavailable=[db] available="[admin debug web3 eth txpool personal ethash miner net]"
INFO [01-05|10:37:22.876] HTTP server started endpoint=127.0.0.1:8081 cors=* vhosts=localhost
WARN [01-05|10:37:22.998] Served eth_coinbase reqid=3 t="82.424µs" err="etherbase must be explicitly specified"
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!
instance: Geth/OneAndOnly/v1.9.25-stable-e7872729/linux-amd64/go1.15.6
at block: 0 (Thu Jan 01 1970 08:00:00 GMT+0800 (HKT))
datadir: /home/cecgw/blankchain/enode2
modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 ethash:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0
To exit, press ctrl-d
在第一个节点添加第二个链节点：
#添加前：admin.peers
> admin.peers
[]
# 添加动作：
> admin.addPeer('enode://2223b2fa6fe6c2b89fefe1ae4603e60c57ad8abe51832ca7eb3f0d8c0a00e926d78f88cbfc779e7ad915f7a47692d0c125dae96086c55a1c6b72ae238261b5ff@127.0.0.1:30304')
true
# 添加后查看 node1:
> admin.peers
[{
caps: ["eth/63", "eth/64", "eth/65"],
enode: "enode://2223b2fa6fe6c2b89fefe1ae4603e60c57ad8abe51832ca7eb3f0d8c0a00e926d78f88cbfc779e7ad915f7a47692d0c125dae96086c55a1c6b72ae238261b5ff@127.0.0.1:30304",
id: "272a5bf7f985be3f30a851db0533195d42eec1b980d2ab65cf8bb7907ecb8580",
name: "Geth/OneAndOnly/v1.9.25-stable-e7872729/linux-amd64/go1.15.6",
network: {
inbound: false,
localAddress: "127.0.0.1:57264",
remoteAddress: "127.0.0.1:30304",
static: true,
trusted: false
},
protocols: {
eth: {
difficulty: 2,
head: "0x7f4b6913eea16b085c01b5e0517caf8d39491057770dd043308e8f29843acc61",
version: 65
}
}
}]
# 添加后查看node2:
> admin.peers
[{
caps: ["eth/63", "eth/64", "eth/65"],
enode: "enode://28be3c2a77162883d224d5c4c142fd750115dd56338c87a6146fafc733e1aa81f002406eb323809768db063010a05d0c49d96a2e921b7e12f26698f8233b48b0@127.0.0.1:57264",
id: "b389801f673748844cddfcce863dd7524e0ba6adb4c51bc870988cd59b7fc4d2",
name: "Geth/OneAndOnly/v1.9.25-stable-e7872729/linux-amd64/go1.15.6",
network: {
inbound: true,
localAddress: "127.0.0.1:30304",
remoteAddress: "127.0.0.1:57264",
static: false,
trusted: false
},
protocols: {
eth: {
difficulty: 2,
head: "0x7f4b6913eea16b085c01b5e0517caf8d39491057770dd043308e8f29843acc61",
version: 65
}
}
}]
# 两个节点发现了相互的节点信息.运行在同一个区块链上.
部署节点的必要条件，使用同一个创世文件.
部署智能合约¶
- 安装solc, solc是用来编译智能合约文件的编译器。#部署智能合约首先需要一个由solidity编写的合约文件以及用于开发以太坊的框架Truffle
npm install -g npm #升级npm到最新版本.
npm install -g solc
# 验证：
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw# solcjs --version
0.8.0+commit.c7dfd78e.Emscripten.clang
# 如果出现错误，进行node 软链接. ln -s /usr/bin/nodejs /usr/bin/node
# 升级nodejs
# npm install -g n # 首先安装n模块
# n stable # 升级node.js到最新稳定版
# 输出版本号则表示安装成功
- 安装Truffle
npm install -g truffle
# 检查Truffle 版本.
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw# truffle version
Truffle v5.1.60 (core: 5.1.60)
Solidity v0.5.16 (solc-js)
Node v14.15.4
Web3.js v1.2.9
- 创建solidity工程
# mkdir solidity #在该目录下运行
# truffle init
Starting init...
> Copying project files to /home/cecgw/blankchain/solidity
Init successful, sweet!
# 该命令会自动创建一个工程和相关文件。并且给我们创建了一个自带的合约文件Migrations.sol
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/solidity# tree
.
├── contracts
│ └── Migrations.sol
├── migrations
│ └── 1_initial_migration.js
├── test
└── truffle-config.js
3 directories, 3 files
在Migrations.sol平行目录下创建自己的合约代码.
touch yuanjiecount.sol
vi yuanjiecount.sol
pragma solidity ^0.5.16;
contract yuanjiecount {
function multiply(uint a) public returns(uint d) {
return a*7;
}
}
# 如果一个方法需要对外可见，也就是可以通过 合约 ABI 来访问，那么需要添加 public ，如果不对外访问，则需要添加 private.
- 利用Truffle编译合约打开工程里面的truffle-config.js ,编辑：
module.exports = {
// See <http://truffleframework.com/docs/advanced/configuration>
// to customize your Truffle configuration!
networks: {
development: {
host: "localhost",
port: 8081,
network_id: "*", // Match any network id
gas: 100
}
}
};
- host和port是你本地一个以太坊节点的IP地址和端口,gas是部署需要花费的coin，接着打开工程文件的migrations文件夹下的1_initial_migration.js将你要部署的文件改成yuanjiecount.sol
var Count = artifacts.require("./yuanjiecount.sol");
module.exports = function (deployer) {
deployer.deploy(yuanjiecount);
};
- truffle部署合约 运行：
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/solidity# truffle compile
Compiling your contracts...
> Compiling ./contracts/Migrations.sol
> Compiling ./contracts/yuanjiecount.sol
> Compilation warnings encountered:
/home/cecgw/blankchain/solidity/contracts/yuanjiecount.sol:3:5: Warning: Function state mutability can be restricted to pure
function multiply(uint a) public returns(uint d) {
^ (Relevant source part starts here and spans across multiple lines).
> Artifacts written to /home/cecgw/blankchain/solidity/build/contracts
> Compiled successfully using:
- solc: 0.5.16+commit.9c3226ce.Emscripten.clang
- 创建合约账户.
> personal.newAccount("1qaz2wsx")
INFO [01-05|15:14:12.845] Your new key was generated address=0xe13f45Df47260A9efee74053B52EffEE00A8a852
WARN [01-05|15:14:12.846] Please backup your key file! path=/home/cecgw/blankchain/enode2/keystore/UTC--2021-01-05T07-14-11.098273951Z--e13f45df47260a9efee74053b52effee00a8a852
WARN [01-05|15:14:12.846] Please remember your password!
"0xe13f45df47260a9efee74053b52effee00a8a852"
# 查看合约账户
> eth.accounts
["0xe13f45df47260a9efee74053b52effee00a8a852"]
# 解锁账户
> eth.accounts
["0xe13f45df47260a9efee74053b52effee00a8a852"]
> user1=eth.accounts[0]
"0xe13f45df47260a9efee74053b52effee00a8a852"
> personal.unlockAccount(user1)
Unlock account 0xe13f45df47260a9efee74053b52effee00a8a852
Passphrase:
true
出于安全考虑，默认禁止了HTTP通道解锁账户，相关issue：https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/17037
--allow-insecure-unlock
- 部署合约.
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/solidity/migrations# truffle migrate
Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Everything is up to date, there is nothing to compile.
Starting migrations...
======================
> Network name: 'development'
> Network id: 4554
> Block gas limit: 4700000 (0x47b760)
1_initial_migration.js
======================
Deploying 'yuanjiecount'
------------------------
Error: *** Deployment Failed ***
"yuanjiecount" -- Returned error: insufficient funds for gas * price + value.
at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/deployer/src/deployment.js:365:1
at processTicksAndRejections (internal/process/task_queues.js:93:5)
at Migration._deploy (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/migrate/Migration.js:68:1)
at Migration._load (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/migrate/Migration.js:55:1)
at Migration.run (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/migrate/Migration.js:171:1)
at Object.runMigrations (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/migrate/index.js:150:1)
at Object.runFrom (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/migrate/index.js:110:1)
at Object.run (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/migrate/index.js:87:1)
at runMigrations (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/core/lib/commands/migrate.js:269:1)
at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/core/lib/commands/migrate.js:231:1
Truffle v5.1.60 (core: 5.1.60)
Node v14.15.v4
########################################
部署合约需要挖矿,在node2窗口执行:
miner.start()INFO [01-07|15:01:47.277] Successfully sealed new block number=156 sealhash="c91b3f…c18c91" hash="1b8eb2…a4493d" elapsed=2.190s
INFO [01-07|15:01:47.277] block reached canonical chain number=149 hash="e550e1…9c62a4"
INFO [01-07|15:01:47.279] Commit new mining work number=157 sealhash="a2d355…351d2b" uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=1.597ms
INFO [01-07|15:01:47.279] mined potential block number=156 hash="1b8eb2…a4493d"
INFO [01-07|15:01:47.825] Successfully sealed new block number=157 sealhash="a2d355…351d2b" hash="da16bb…0e48e8" elapsed=547.379ms
INFO [01-07|15:01:47.825] block reached canonical chain number=150 hash="52e24c…36cc4c"
INFO [01-07|15:01:47.825] mined potential block number=157 hash="da16bb…0e48e8"
INFO [01-07|15:01:47.826] Commit new mining work number=158 sealhash="9d446f…faad20" uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed="594.516µs"
INFO [01-07|15:01:47.855] Successfully sealed new block number=158 sealhash="9d446f…faad20" hash="c7a489…ce6f8a" elapsed=29.398ms
INFO [01-07|15:01:47.855] block reached canonical chain number=151 hash="bee711…5d0cbe"
INFO [01-07|15:01:47.855] mined potential block number=158 hash="c7a489…ce6f8a"
INFO [01-07|15:01:47.855] Mining too far in the future wait=2s
INFO [01-07|15:01:49.857] Commit new mining work number=159 sealhash="1d2364…0765eb" uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed=2.001s
INFO [01-07|15:01:50.988] Successfully sealed new block number=159 sealhash="1d2364…0765eb" hash="d9ad67…1923ed" elapsed=1.131s
INFO [01-07|15:01:50.988] block reached canonical chain number=152 hash="7496c5…e7f52f"
INFO [01-07|15:01:50.988] mined potential block number=159 hash="d9ad67…1923ed"
INFO [01-07|15:01:50.988] Commit new mining work number=160 sealhash="6403f5…157b11" uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed="170.354µs"
INFO [01-07|15:01:51.646] Successfully sealed new block number=160 sealhash="6403f5…157b11" hash="019505…7c20a9" elapsed=657.638ms
INFO [01-07|15:01:51.646] block reached canonical chain number=153 hash="a6ff88…2f81b0"
INFO [01-07|15:01:51.647] Commit new mining work number=161 sealhash="0dbb98…aa204d" uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed="725.394µs"
INFO [01-07|15:01:51.647] mined potential block number=160 hash="019505…7c20a9"
INFO [01-07|15:01:51.799] Successfully sealed new block number=161 sealhash="0dbb98…aa204d" hash="5c210a…523190" elapsed=152.538ms
INFO [01-07|15:01:51.799] block reached canonical chain number=154 hash="573e09…af0403"
INFO [01-07|15:01:51.799] mined potential block number=161 hash="5c210a…523190"
INFO [01-07|15:01:51.799] Commit new mining work number=162 sealhash="0f3de7…ca40d7" uncles=0 txs=0 gas=0 fees=0 elapsed="164.667µs"
# 等待一段时间后，部署智能合约成功.
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/solidity/migrations# truffle migrate
Compiling your contracts...
//===========================
> Everything is up to date, there is nothing to compile.
Starting migrations...
======================
> Network name: 'development'
> Network id: 4554
> Block gas limit: 4839616 (0x49d8c0)
1_initial_migration.js
//======================
Deploying 'yuanjiecount'
------------------------
> transaction hash: 0x31a9b7fdd2250d0e64d153cd9dec357aa6651ccb1ebde08407a960386a7f8890
⠏ Blocks: 0 Seconds: 460
⠋ Blocks: 0 Seconds: 460
⠹ Blocks: 0 Seconds: 460
> Blocks: 0 Seconds: 592
> contract address: 0xc0607d4B7b42f4f40F48B5Cb4CBbA274A2Abbdd5
> block number: 31
> block timestamp: 1610002605
> account: 0xe13f45Df47260A9efee74053B52EffEE00A8a852
> balance: 62
> gas used: 91019 (0x1638b)
> gas price: 20 gwei
> value sent: 0 ETH
> total cost: 0.00182038 ETH
> Saving artifacts
-------------------------------------
> Total cost: 0.00182038 ETH
Summary
=======
> Total deployments: 1
> Final cost: 0.00182038 ETH
- 调用合约.
# 首先需要获取合约实例，上面部署合约完成后，会获得一个合约地址(0xc0607d4B7b42f4f40F48B5Cb4CBbA274A2Abbdd5),合约的发布账户:(0xe13f45Df47260A9efee74053B52EffEE00A8a852),部署合约所耗费的以太坊数值。其中在solidity/build/contracts 目录下, 我们可以看到会生成yuanjiecount.json的文件,其中有abi内容。
abi abi全称Application Binary Interface,它定义了如何与智能合约进行交互，我们可以把它理解成一个智能合约类的接口描述文件，当我们部署完智能合约之后，智能合约被编译成机器码，我们通过这个描述文件来知道这个智能合约有哪些接口，需要传递什么参数，返回什么值。
比如本次部署的abi 内容如下:
"abi": [
{
"constant": true,
"inputs": [
{
"internalType": "uint256",
"name": "a",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"name": "multiply",
"outputs": [
{
"internalType": "uint256",
"name": "d",
"type": "uint256"
}
],
"payable": false,
"stateMutability": "pure",
"type": "function"
}
],
我们copy出这个json里面abi的value,即"abi:"的值，"""需要注意的是"""我们使用的时候abi不能有空格和换行符,我使用bejson(https://www.bejson.com/)来压缩abi。压缩完后，只有一行.
现在我们获取智能合约并进行调用计算:
任何一个节点执行:
> var addr = '0xc0607d4B7b42f4f40F48B5Cb4CBbA274A2Abbdd5'
undefined
> var abi =[{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"a","type":"uint256"}],"name":"multiply","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"d","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"}]
undefined
> var ballotInstance= eth.contract(abi).at(addr)
undefined
> ballotInstance.multiply(6)
42
合约调用成功.
至此，我们在创建的区块链平台上创建了简单的一个合约，并进行了调用.
常用命令¶
- 查看区块
> eth.blockNumber
1015
- 查看节点信息.
> admin.nodeInfo
{
enode: "enode://28be3c2a77162883d224d5c4c142fd750115dd56338c87a6146fafc733e1aa81f002406eb323809768db063010a05d0c49d96a2e921b7e12f26698f8233b48b0@127.0.0.1:30303",
enr: "enr:-Je4QG_JQDxoRnv5MXyOheexBz_gErTxIoG8XmgLhwPux08WFB51tXk2M9H3NuaoQ4Idc3t1EqKNfzZ6fYfDO8VQ87kCg2V0aMfGhOGh5-yAgmlkgnY0gmlwhH8AAAGJc2VjcDI1NmsxoQIovjwqdxYog9Ik1cTBQv11ARXdVjOMh6YUb6_HM-GqgYN0Y3CCdl-DdWRwgnZf",
id: "b389801f673748844cddfcce863dd7524e0ba6adb4c51bc870988cd59b7fc4d2",
ip: "127.0.0.1",
listenAddr: "[::]:30303",
name: "Geth/OneAndOnly/v1.9.25-stable-e7872729/linux-amd64/go1.15.6",
ports: {
discovery: 30303,
listener: 30303
},
protocols: {
eth: {
config: {
byzantiumBlock: 0,
chainId: 1,
constantinopleBlock: 0,
eip150Block: 0,
eip150Hash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
eip155Block: 0,
eip158Block: 0,
ethash: {},
homesteadBlock: 0,
istanbulBlock: 0,
petersburgBlock: 0
},
difficulty: 169336383,
genesis: "0x7f4b6913eea16b085c01b5e0517caf8d39491057770dd043308e8f29843acc61",
head: "0x90eba297734cdac004b4cf0dd30c818a268d6776d083f8c5536ff8ff16c42084",
network: 4554
}
}
}
- 查看区块信息
> eth.getBlock(0)
{
difficulty: 2,
extraData: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
gasLimit: 4700000,
gasUsed: 0,
hash: "0x7f4b6913eea16b085c01b5e0517caf8d39491057770dd043308e8f29843acc61",
logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
miner: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000044",
mixHash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
nonce: "0x0000000000000000",
number: 0,
parentHash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
receiptsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
sha3Uncles: "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
size: 540,
stateRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
timestamp: 1574932286,
totalDifficulty: 2,
transactions: [],
transactionsRoot: "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
uncles: []
}
- 接入区块
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/enode2# geth attach geth.ipc
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!
instance: Geth/OneAndOnly/v1.9.25-stable-e7872729/linux-amd64/go1.15.6
coinbase: 0xe13f45df47260a9efee74053b52effee00a8a852
at block: 1015 (Thu Jan 07 2021 15:20:28 GMT+0800 (HKT))
datadir: /home/cecgw/blankchain/enode2
modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 ethash:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0
To exit, press ctrl-d
console命令用于打开控制台用于交互，与attach有所不同，console一般是在区块链运行时打开，而attach是在节点运行的前提下连接到节点进行交互，两者可以并存。
通过区块链浏览器查看区块¶
- 下载区块链浏览器代码:
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain# git clone https://github.com/etherparty/explorer
Cloning into 'explorer'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 269, done.
remote: Total 269 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 269
Receiving objects: 100% (269/269), 59.61 KiB | 66.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (139/139), done.
Checking connectivity... done.
- 修改配置文件：
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer# cd app/
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer/app# ls
app.js components index.html scripts styles views
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer/app# vi app.js
#修改 var eth_node_url = 'http://192.168.121.128:8081'; // TODO: remote URL
# root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer# vi package.json
将"start": "http-server ./app -a localhost -p 8000 -c-1", 修改为"start": "http-server ./app -a 192.168.121.128 -p 8000 -c-1",
# 下载bower工具
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer# npm install -g bower -y
npm WARN deprecated bower@1.8.8: We don't recommend using Bower for new projects. Please consider Yarn and Webpack or Parcel. You can read how to migrate legacy project here: https://bower.io/blog/2017/how-to-migrate-away-from-bower/
/usr/local/bin/bower -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/bower/bin/bower
+ bower@1.8.8
added 1 package from 1 contributor in 9.5v4
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer# bower init
bower ESUDO Cannot be run with sudo
Additional error details:
Since bower is a user command, there is no need to execute it with superuser permissions.
If you're having permission errors when using bower without sudo, please spend a few minutes learning more about how your system should work and make any necessary repairs.
http://www.joyent.com/blog/installing-node-and-npm
https://gist.github.com/isaacs/579814
You can however run a command with sudo using "--allow-root" option
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer# bower install --allow-root
bower angular#~1.4.0 not-cached https://github.com/angular/bower-angular.git#~1.4.0
bower angular#~1.4.0 resolve https://github.com/angular/bower-angular.git#~1.4.0
bower angular-route#~1.4.0 not-cached https://github.com/angular/bower-angular-route.git#~1.4.0
bower angular-route#~1.4.0 resolve https://github.com/angular/bower-angular-route.git#~1.4.0
bower angular-loader#~1.4.0 not-cached https://github.com/angular/bower-angular-loader.git#~1.4.0
bower angular-loader#~1.4.0 resolve https://github.com/angular/bower-angular-loader.git#~1.4.0
bower angular-mocks#~1.4.0 not-cached https://github.com/angular/bower-angular-mocks.git#~1.4.0
bower angular-mocks#~1.4.0 resolve https://github.com/angular/bower-angular-mocks.git#~1.4.0
bower html5-boilerplate#~5.2.0 not-cached https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate.git#~5.2.0
bower html5-boilerplate#~5.2.0 resolve https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate.git#~5.2.0
bower angular-bootstrap#~0.13.3 not-cached https://github.com/angular-ui/bootstrap-bower.git#~0.13.3
bower angular-bootstrap#~0.13.3 resolve https://github.com/angular-ui/bootstrap-bower.git#~0.13.3
bower web3#~0.14.0 not-cached https://github.com/ethereum/ethereum.js.git#~0.14.0
bower web3#~0.14.0 resolve https://github.com/ethereum/ethereum.js.git#~0.14.0
bower html5-boilerplate#~5.2.0 download https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/archive/5.2.0.tar.gz
bower angular-route#~1.4.0 download https://github.com/angular/bower-angular-route/archive/v1.4.14.tar.gz
bower angular-bootstrap#~0.13.3 download https://github.com/angular-ui/bootstrap-bower/archive/0.13.4.tar.gz
bower angular#~1.4.0 download https://github.com/angular/bower-angular/archive/v1.4.14.tar.gz
bower angular-mocks#~1.4.0 download https://github.com/angular/bower-angular-mocks/archive/v1.4.14.tar.gz
bower angular-loader#~1.4.0 download https://github.com/angular/bower-angular-loader/archive/v1.4.14.tar.gz
bower html5-boilerplate#~5.2.0 extract archive.tar.gz
bower html5-boilerplate#~5.2.0 resolved https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate.git#5.2.0
bower angular-route#~1.4.0 extract archive.tar.gz
bower angular-route#~1.4.0 resolved https://github.com/angular/bower-angular-route.git#1.4.14
bower web3#~0.14.0 download https://github.com/ethereum/ethereum.js/archive/0.14.0.tar.gz
bower angular-mocks#~1.4.0 extract archive.tar.gz
bower angular-bootstrap#~0.13.3 extract archive.tar.gz
bower angular-mocks#~1.4.0 resolved https://github.com/angular/bower-angular-mocks.git#1.4.14
bower angular-bootstrap#~0.13.3 resolved https://github.com/angular-ui/bootstrap-bower.git#0.13.4
bower angular#>=1.3.0 not-cached https://github.com/angular/bower-angular.git#>=1.3.0
bower angular#>=1.3.0 resolve https://github.com/angular/bower-angular.git#>=1.3.0
bower angular#>=1.3.0 download https://github.com/angular/bower-angular/archive/v1.8.2.tar.gz
bower angular-loader#~1.4.0 extract archive.tar.gz
bower angular-loader#~1.4.0 resolved https://github.com/angular/bower-angular-loader.git#1.4.14
bower angular#~1.4.0 extract archive.tar.gz
bower angular#~1.4.0 resolved https://github.com/angular/bower-angular.git#1.4.14
bower web3#~0.14.0 extract archive.tar.gz
bower web3#~0.14.0 invalid-meta for:/tmp/root/bower/d55930f03965659da7442e54ee12f1d8-8610-XcWG7r/bower.json
bower web3#~0.14.0 invalid-meta The "main" field cannot contain minified files
bower web3#~0.14.0 invalid-meta The "main" field has to contain only 1 file per filetype; found multiple .js files: ["./dist/web3.js","./dist/web3.min.js"]
bower web3#~0.14.0 resolved https://github.com/ethereum/ethereum.js.git#0.14.0
bower crypto-js#~3.1.4 not-cached https://github.com/brix/crypto-js.git#~3.1.4
bower crypto-js#~3.1.4 resolve https://github.com/brix/crypto-js.git#~3.1.4
bower angular#>=1.3.0 extract archive.tar.gz
bower angular#>=1.3.0 resolved https://github.com/angular/bower-angular.git#1.8.2
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 not-cached https://github.com/MikeMcl/bignumber.js.git#>=2.0.0
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 resolve https://github.com/MikeMcl/bignumber.js.git#>=2.0.0
bower crypto-js#~3.1.4 download https://github.com/brix/crypto-js/archive/3.1.9.tar.gz
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 download https://github.com/MikeMcl/bignumber.js/archive/v9.0.1.tar.gz
bower crypto-js#~3.1.4 extract archive.tar.gz
bower crypto-js#~3.1.4 resolved https://github.com/brix/crypto-js.git#3.1.9
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 progress received 0.9MB
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 progress received 1.0MB
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 progress received 1.1MB
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 progress received 1.2MB
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 progress received 1.3MB
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 progress received 1.3MB
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 progress received 1.4MB
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 progress received 1.5MB
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 progress received 1.5MB
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 progress received 1.6MB
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 progress received 1.7MB
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 progress received 1.8MB
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 extract archive.tar.gz
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 resolved https://github.com/MikeMcl/bignumber.js.git#9.0.1
bower html5-boilerplate#~5.2.0 install html5-boilerplate#5.2.0
bower angular-route#~1.4.0 install angular-route#1.4.14
bower angular-mocks#~1.4.0 install angular-mocks#1.4.14
bower angular-bootstrap#~0.13.3 install angular-bootstrap#0.13.4
bower angular-loader#~1.4.0 install angular-loader#1.4.14
bower angular#1.4.14 install angular#1.4.14
bower web3#~0.14.0 install web3#0.14.0
bower crypto-js#~3.1.4 install crypto-js#3.1.9
bower bignumber.js#>=2.0.0 install bignumber.js#9.0.1
html5-boilerplate#5.2.0 app/bower_components/html5-boilerplate
angular-route#1.4.14 app/bower_components/angular-route
└── angular#1.4.14
angular-mocks#1.4.14 app/bower_components/angular-mocks
└── angular#1.4.14
angular-bootstrap#0.13.4 app/bower_components/angular-bootstrap
└── angular#1.4.14
angular-loader#1.4.14 app/bower_components/angular-loader
└── angular#1.4.14
angular#1.4.14 app/bower_components/angular
web3#0.14.0 app/bower_components/web3
├── bignumber.js#9.0.1
└── crypto-js#3.1.9
crypto-js#3.1.9 app/bower_components/crypto-js
bignumber.js#9.0.1 app/bower_components/bignumber.js
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer# bower install angular --save-dev --allow-root
bower angular#* cached https://github.com/angular/bower-angular.git#1.8.2
bower angular#* validate 1.8.2 against https://github.com/angular/bower-angular.git#*
bower angular#~1.4.0 cached https://github.com/angular/bower-angular.git#1.4.14
bower angular#~1.4.0 validate 1.4.14 against https://github.com/angular/bower-angular.git#~1.4.0
bower angular#>=1.3.0 cached https://github.com/angular/bower-angular.git#1.8.2
bower angular#>=1.3.0 validate 1.8.2 against https://github.com/angular/bower-angular.git#>=1.3.0
Unable to find a suitable version for angular, please choose one by typing one of the numbers below:
1) angular#1.4.14 which resolved to 1.4.14 and is required by angular-loader#1.4.14, angular-mocks#1.4.14, angular-route#1.4.14
2) angular#~1.4.0 which resolved to 1.4.14 and is required by angular-seed
3) angular#>=1.3.0 which resolved to 1.8.2 and is required by angular-bootstrap#0.13.4
4) angular#^1.8.2 which resolved to 1.8.2
Prefix the choice with ! to persist it to bower.json
? Answer 1
- 启动浏览器
1 启动以太坊节点
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain# geth --identity "OneAndOnly" --rpc --rpccorsdomain "*" --datadir "enode2" --port 30304 --rpcapi "personal,db,net,eth,web3" --networkid 4554 --rpc --rpcaddr "0.0.0.0" --rpcport 8081 --allow-insecure-unlock --rpccorsdomain '*' console
# 注意加入新参数: --rpcaddr "0.0.0.0" --rpccorsdomain '*'
# 启动区块链浏览器后台:
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer# npm start
> EthereumExplorer@0.1.0 prestart /home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer
> npm install
npm WARN deprecated bower@1.8.8: We don't recommend using Bower for new projects. Please consider Yarn and Webpack or Parcel. You can read how to migrate legacy project here: https://bower.io/blog/2017/how-to-migrate-away-from-bower/
npm WARN deprecated ecstatic@0.4.13: https://github.com/jfhbrook/node-ecstatic/issues/259
npm WARN deprecated chokidar@1.7.0: Chokidar 2 will break on node v14+. Upgrade to chokidar 3 with 15x less dependencies.
npm WARN deprecated connect@2.30.2: connect 2.x series is deprecated
npm WARN deprecated minimatch@2.0.10: Please update to minimatch 3.0.2 or higher to avoid a RegExp DoS issue
npm WARN deprecated request@2.57.0: request has been deprecated, see https://github.com/request/request/issues/3142
npm WARN deprecated mkdirp@0.0.7: Legacy versions of mkdirp are no longer supported. Please update to mkdirp 1.x. (Note that the API surface has changed to use Promises in 1.x.)
npm WARN deprecated fsevents@1.2.13: fsevents 1 will break on node v14+ and could be using insecure binaries. Upgrade to fsevents 2.
npm WARN deprecated natives@1.1.6: This module relies on Node.js's internals and will break at some point. Do not use it, and update to graceful-fs@4.x.
npm WARN deprecated minimatch@0.3.0: Please update to minimatch 3.0.2 or higher to avoid a RegExp DoS issue
npm WARN deprecated node-uuid@1.4.8: Use uuid module instead
npm WARN deprecated hawk@2.3.1: This module moved to @hapi/hawk. Please make sure to switch over as this distribution is no longer supported and may contain bugs and critical security issues.
npm WARN deprecated har-validator@1.8.0: this library is no longer supported
npm WARN deprecated hoek@2.16.3: This version has been deprecated in accordance with the hapi support policy (hapi.im/support). Please upgrade to the latest version to get the best features, bug fixes, and security patches. If you are unable to upgrade at this time, paid support is available for older versions (hapi.im/commercial).
npm WARN deprecated cryptiles@2.0.5: This version has been deprecated in accordance with the hapi support policy (hapi.im/support). Please upgrade to the latest version to get the best features, bug fixes, and security patches. If you are unable to upgrade at this time, paid support is available for older versions (hapi.im/commercial).
npm WARN deprecated sntp@1.0.9: This module moved to @hapi/sntp. Please make sure to switch over as this distribution is no longer supported and may contain bugs and critical security issues.
npm WARN deprecated boom@2.10.1: This version has been deprecated in accordance with the hapi support policy (hapi.im/support). Please upgrade to the latest version to get the best features, bug fixes, and security patches. If you are unable to upgrade at this time, paid support is available for older versions (hapi.im/commercial).
npm WARN deprecated urix@0.1.0: Please see https://github.com/lydell/urix#deprecated
npm WARN deprecated resolve-url@0.2.1: https://github.com/lydell/resolve-url#deprecated
> bufferutil@1.2.1 install /home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer/node_modules/bufferutil
> node-gyp rebuild
gyp WARN EACCES current user ("cecgw") does not have permission to access the dev dir "/root/.cache/node-gyp/14.15.4"
gyp WARN EACCES attempting to reinstall using temporary dev dir "/home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer/node_modules/bufferutil/.node-gyp"
gyp WARN install got an error, rolling back install
gyp WARN install got an error, rolling back install
gyp ERR! configure error
gyp ERR! stack Error: EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer/node_modules/bufferutil/.node-gyp'
gyp ERR! System Linux 4.4.0-198-generic
gyp ERR! command "/usr/local/bin/node" "/usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js" "rebuild"
gyp ERR! cwd /home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer/node_modules/bufferutil
gyp ERR! node -v v14.15.4
gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v5.1.0
gyp ERR! not ok
> utf-8-validate@1.2.2 install /home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer/node_modules/utf-8-validate
> node-gyp rebuild
gyp WARN EACCES current user ("cecgw") does not have permission to access the dev dir "/root/.cache/node-gyp/14.15.4"
gyp WARN EACCES attempting to reinstall using temporary dev dir "/home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer/node_modules/utf-8-validate/.node-gyp"
gyp WARN install got an error, rolling back install
gyp WARN install got an error, rolling back install
gyp ERR! configure error
gyp ERR! stack Error: EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer/node_modules/utf-8-validate/.node-gyp'
gyp ERR! System Linux 4.4.0-198-generic
gyp ERR! command "/usr/local/bin/node" "/usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js" "rebuild"
gyp ERR! cwd /home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer/node_modules/utf-8-validate
gyp ERR! node -v v14.15.4
gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v5.1.0
gyp ERR! not ok
> ws@0.4.32 install /home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer/node_modules/ws
> (node-gyp rebuild 2> builderror.log) || (exit 0)
sh: 1: cannot create builderror.log: Permission denied
npm WARN lifecycle EthereumExplorer@0.1.0~postinstall: cannot run in wd EthereumExplorer@0.1.0 bower install (wd=/home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer)
npm notice created a lockfile as package-lock.json. You should commit this file.
npm WARN notsup Unsupported engine for karma@0.12.37: wanted: {"node":">=0.8 <=0.12 || >=1 <=2"} (current: {"node":"14.15.4","npm":"6.14.10"})
npm WARN notsup Not compatible with your version of node/npm: karma@0.12.37
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: fsevents@^1.0.0 (node_modules/chokidar/node_modules/fsevents):
npm WARN notsup SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Unsupported platform for fsevents@1.2.13: wanted {"os":"darwin","arch":"any"} (current: {"os":"linux","arch":"x64"})
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: bufferutil@1.2.1 (node_modules/bufferutil):
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: bufferutil@1.2.1 install: `node-gyp rebuild`
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Exit status 1
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: utf-8-validate@1.2.2 (node_modules/utf-8-validate):
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: utf-8-validate@1.2.2 install: `node-gyp rebuild`
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Exit status 1
added 485 packages from 503 contributors and audited 491 packages in 40.02s
35 packages are looking for funding
run `npm fund` for details
found 67 vulnerabilities (21 low, 11 moderate, 35 high)
run `npm audit fix` to fix them, or `npm audit` for details
> EthereumExplorer@0.1.0 start /home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer
> http-server ./app -a 192.168.121.128 -p 8000 -c-1
Starting up http-server, serving ./app on port: 8000
Hit CTRL-C to stop the server
点击浏览器查看，因为需要连接google.cn下载bootstrap.min.css bootstrap.min.js 导致浏览器打不开,我们可以提前下载好该文件，放到本地加载。
修改: root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/explorer/app# vi index.html
13 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css"> 为本地
42 <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.4.5/angular.min.js"></script>
45 <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
46 <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
尝试发送新区快¶
我们通过账户1发送信息到账户2.
账户1：
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/enode1# geth attach geth.ipc
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!
instance: Geth/OneAndOnly/v1.9.25-stable-e7872729/linux-amd64/go1.15.6
coinbase: 0x7a6b9624770b15e648682bb8877466c8bad80a0a
at block: 0 (Thu Nov 28 2019 17:11:26 GMT+0800 (HKT))
datadir: /home/cecgw/blankchain/enode1
modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 ethash:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0
To exit, press ctrl-d
> eth.accounts
["0x7a6b9624770b15e648682bb8877466c8bad80a0a"]
>
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])
266000000000000000000
# 转账:
> eth.accounts
["0x7a6b9624770b15e648682bb8877466c8bad80a0a"]
> personal.unlockAccount("0x7a6b9624770b15e648682bb8877466c8bad80a0a")
Unlock account 0x7a6b9624770b15e648682bb8877466c8bad80a0a
Passphrase:
true
> eth.sendTransaction({from: "0x7a6b9624770b15e648682bb8877466c8bad80a0a",to: "0xe13f45df47260a9efee74053b52effee00a8a852", value: "7000000000000000",data: "0xe8b5b5e8bf9ce69db0e4bb8ae5a4a9e59ca8e59b9be5ada3e99d92e4b88ae78fad"})
"0xef043b442ee00515363cee51b9322f4d38864e4a93e670b0759dae0253503d38" # 获取区块链地址
# data 要求 hex形式，在python下可直接获取,
>>> content="赵远杰今天在四季青上班"
>>> content
'\xe8\xb5\xb5\xe8\xbf\x9c\xe6\x9d\xb0\xe4\xbb\x8a\xe5\xa4\xa9\xe5\x9c\xa8\xe5\x9b\x9b\xe5\xad\xa3\xe9\x9d\x92\xe4\xb8\x8a\xe7\x8f\xad' 替换\x,题头增加0x,为 0xef043b442ee00515363cee51b9322f4d38864e4a93e670b0759dae0253503d38。
查看区块交易信息:启动节点挖矿后，可以看到区块信息.
账户2:
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain/enode2# geth attach geth.ipc
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!
instance: Geth/OneAndOnly/v1.9.25-stable-e7872729/linux-amd64/go1.15.6
coinbase: 0xe13f45df47260a9efee74053b52effee00a8a852
at block: 1015 (Thu Jan 07 2021 15:20:28 GMT+0800 (HKT))
datadir: /home/cecgw/blankchain/enode2
modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 ethash:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0
To exit, press ctrl-d
> eth.account
undefined
> eth.accounts
["0xe13f45df47260a9efee74053b52effee00a8a852"]
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])
2.03e+21
现在我们通过账户1，发送信息到账户2.
GETH命令参数详解¶
版本查看¶
root@ubuntu:/home/cecgw/blankchain# geth version
Geth
Version: 1.9.25-stable
Git Commit: e7872729012a4871397307b12cc3f4772ffcbec6
Architecture: amd64
Protocol Versions: [65 64 63]
Go Version: go1.15.6
Operating System: linux
GOPATH=
GOROOT=go
命令解释¶
account 管理账户
attach 启动交互式JavaScript环境（连接到节点）
bug 上报bug Issues
console 启动交互式JavaScript环境
copydb 从文件夹创建本地链
dump Dump（分析）一个特定的块存储
dumpconfig 显示配置值
export 导出区块链到文件
import 导入一个区块链文件
init 启动并初始化一个新的创世纪块
js 执行指定的JavaScript文件(多个)
license 显示许可信息
makecache 生成ethash验证缓存(用于测试)
makedag 生成ethash 挖矿DAG(用于测试)
monitor 监控和可视化节点指标
removedb 删除区块链和状态数据库
version 打印版本号
wallet 管理Ethereum预售钱包
help,h 显示一个命令或帮助一个命令列表
ETHEREUM选项¶
--config value TOML 配置文件
--datadir “xxx” 数据库和keystore密钥的数据目录
--keystore keystore存放目录(默认在datadir内)
--nousb 禁用监控和管理USB硬件钱包
--networkid value 网络标识符(整型, 1=Frontier, 2=Morden (弃用), 3=Ropsten, 4=Rinkeby) (默认: 1)
--testnet Ropsten网络:预先配置的POW(proof-of-work)测试网络
--rinkeby Rinkeby网络: 预先配置的POA(proof-of-authority)测试网络
--syncmode "fast" 同步模式 ("fast", "full", or "light")
--ethstats value 上报ethstats service URL (nodename:secret@host:port)
--identity value 自定义节点名
--lightserv value 允许LES请求时间最大百分比(0 – 90)(默认值:0)
--lightpeers value 最大LES client peers数量(默认值:20)
--lightkdf 在KDF强度消费时降低key-derivation RAM&CPU使用
开发者（模式）选项¶
--dev 使用POA共识网络，默认预分配一个开发者账户并且会自动开启挖矿。
--dev.period value 开发者模式下挖矿周期 (0 = 仅在交易时) (默认: 0)
ETHASH 选项¶
--ethash.cachedir ethash验证缓存目录(默认 = datadir目录内)
--ethash.cachesinmem value 在内存保存的最近的ethash缓存个数 (每个缓存16MB ) (默认: 2)
--ethash.cachesondisk value 在磁盘保存的最近的ethash缓存个数 (每个缓存16MB) (默认: 3)
--ethash.dagdir "" 存ethash DAGs目录 (默认 = 用户hom目录)
--ethash.dagsinmem value 在内存保存的最近的ethash DAGs 个数 (每个1GB以上) (默认: 1)
--ethash.dagsondisk value 在磁盘保存的最近的ethash DAGs 个数 (每个1GB以上) (默认: 2)
交易池选项:¶
--txpool.nolocals 为本地提交交易禁用价格豁免
--txpool.journal value 本地交易的磁盘日志：用于节点重启 (默认: "transactions.rlp")
--txpool.rejournal value 重新生成本地交易日志的时间间隔 (默认: 1小时)
--txpool.pricelimit value 加入交易池的最小的gas价格限制(默认: 1)
--txpool.pricebump value 价格波动百分比（相对之前已有交易） (默认: 10)
--txpool.accountslots value 每个帐户保证可执行的最少交易槽数量 (默认: 16)
--txpool.globalslots value 所有帐户可执行的最大交易槽数量 (默认: 4096)
--txpool.accountqueue value 每个帐户允许的最多非可执行交易槽数量 (默认: 64)
--txpool.globalqueue value 所有帐户非可执行交易最大槽数量 (默认: 1024)
--txpool.lifetime value 非可执行交易最大入队时间(默认: 3小时)
性能调优的选项¶
--cache value 分配给内部缓存的内存MB数量，缓存值(最低16 mb /数据库强制要求)(默认:128)
--trie-cache-gens value 保持在内存中产生的trie node数量(默认:120)
帐户选项¶
--unlock value 需解锁账户用逗号分隔
--password value 用于非交互式密码输入的密码文件
API和控制台选项:¶
--rpc 启用HTTP-RPC服务器
--rpcaddr value HTTP-RPC服务器接口地址(默认值:“localhost”)
--rpcport value HTTP-RPC服务器监听端口(默认值:8545)
--rpcapi value 基于HTTP-RPC接口提供的API
--ws 启用WS-RPC服务器
--wsaddr value WS-RPC服务器监听接口地址(默认值:“localhost”)
--wsport value WS-RPC服务器监听端口(默认值:8546)
--wsapi value 基于WS-RPC的接口提供的API
--wsorigins value websockets请求允许的源
--ipcdisable 禁用IPC-RPC服务器
--ipcpath 包含在datadir里的IPC socket/pipe文件名(转义过的显式路径)
--rpccorsdomain value 允许跨域请求的域名列表(逗号分隔)(浏览器强制)
--jspath loadScript JavaScript加载脚本的根路径(默认值:“.”)
--exec value 执行JavaScript语句(只能结合console/attach使用)
--preload value 预加载到控制台的JavaScript文件列表(逗号分隔)
网络选项:¶
矿工选项:¶
--mine 打开挖矿
--minerthreads value 挖矿使用的CPU线程数量(默认值:8)
--etherbase value 挖矿奖励地址(默认=第一个创建的帐户)(默认值:“0”)
--targetgaslimit value 目标gas限制：设置最低gas限制（低于这个不会被挖？） (默认值:“4712388”)
--gasprice value 挖矿接受交易的最低gas价格
--extradata value 矿工设置的额外块数据(默认=client version)
GAS价格选项:¶
--gpoblocks value 用于检查gas价格的最近块的个数 (默认: 10)
--gpopercentile value 建议gas价参考最近交易的gas价的百分位数，(默认: 50)
虚拟机的选项:¶
--vmdebug 记录VM及合约调试信息
日志和调试选项:¶
--metrics 启用metrics收集和报告
--fakepow 禁用proof-of-work验证
--verbosity value 日志详细度:0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=detail (default: 3)
--vmodule value 每个模块详细度:以 <pattern>=<level>的逗号分隔列表 (比如 eth/\*=6,p2p=5)
--backtrace value 请求特定日志记录堆栈跟踪 (比如 “block.go:271”)
--debug 突出显示调用位置日志(文件名及行号)
--pprof 启用pprof HTTP服务器
--pprofaddr value pprof HTTP服务器监听接口(默认值:127.0.0.1)
--pprofport value pprof HTTP服务器监听端口(默认值:6060)
--memprofilerate value 按指定频率打开memory profiling (默认:524288)
--blockprofilerate value 按指定频率打开block profiling (默认值:0)
--cpuprofile value 将CPU profile写入指定文件
--trace value 将execution trace写入指定文件
WHISPER实验选项:¶
--shh 启用Whisper
--shh.maxmessagesize value 可接受的最大的消息大小 (默认值: 1048576)
--shh.pow value 可接受的最小的POW (默认值: 0.2)
FYB